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Aerial view of a dense forest canopy, showing a mosaic of tree crowns in varying shades of green.

How satellite data help evaluate forest condition and anticipate future risks

Lenka Foltýnová

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Why forests can look healthy while silently losing value?

Productivity map of an urban green area analyzed using UpGreen, showing the spatial variation in tree performance and vitality based on photosynthetic activity. The color-coded grid reflects productivity levels: • Very high to high (dark green) indicates healthy, actively growing trees with strong ecosystem function • Moderate (light green) represents stable but not optimal performance • Low to very low (pink shades) highlights trees with reduced vitality and limited growth • None (red) marks areas with minimal or no functional productivity, such as heavily stressed, damaged, or missing trees The map shows that most of the area maintains moderate to high productivity, suggesting generally functioning vegetation. However, scattered clusters of low and very low productivity indicate localized decline or suboptimal conditions.

Why cities need to predict the future of their trees

A map of the city showing trends in the condition and development of urban greenery. Individual areas and trees are color-coded according to trend: thriving, resilient, stable, vulnerable, and endangered. Prosperous and resilient greenery is concentrated mainly in continuous green belts, parks, and forest edges, while vulnerable and endangered areas are more common in densely built-up areas and along major roads. A legend of trends and a scale of 0–500 m are included.

Trees vs. heat islands: crafting a cooler urban future through

Map of the urban heat island (UHI) with a color scale of surface temperatures ranging from yellow to red to purple, superimposed on the street network and buildings in the central part of the city, showing the degree of overheating during extreme heat.

Achieving 30% urban tree canopy cover: best practices for European

UpGreen tree productivity grid map over aerial imagery, showing citywide spatial variation in tree productivity and vitality using green and yellow square cells, highlighting areas of higher and lower photosynthetic performance for urban greenery management.

Protect what already works: mature trees as the fastest canopy

Map from the UpGreen audit marking the locations of Lisbon’s highest-value trees with orange dots. These trees provide exceptional ecosystem services—such as cooling, carbon capture, and air purification—based on their size, health, and proximity to populated areas. The spatial distribution highlights priority zones for conservation and illustrates the application of tree value mapping in support of 3-30-300 urban greening targets.

Nature Based Solutions: Greening Europe’s Cities for Climate Resilience

Close-up of fresh water splashing over grass and soil, symbolizing the essential role of water in supporting healthy urban greenery. The image represents the importance of soil moisture and sustainable water management for trees to cool their environment, absorb carbon, and deliver crucial ecosystem services in cities.

Why cities are turning to satellite tree mapping

Illustration of a row of trees changing canopy density and colour, symbolising tree growth stages, seasonality, and long term urban greenery development.

Why every city needs a 3-30-300 green audit

Neighborhood level map showing the share of buildings fulfilling the 300 meter green space access rule, with color coded areas and percentage values.

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